Algeria is Africa's largest country by area, and Nigeria is its largest by population. This count does not include Malta and Sicily, which are geologically part of the African continent. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states, eight cities and islands that are part of non-African states, and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Despite this low concentration of wealth, recent economic expansion and the large and young population make Africa an important economic market in the broader global context. Scholars have attributed this to different factors including geography, climate, tribalism, colonialism, the Cold War, neocolonialism, lack of democracy, and corruption. Despite a wide range of natural resources, Africa is the least wealthy continent per capita and second-least wealthy by total wealth, ahead of Oceania. Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the continents the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4. With 1.4 billion people as of 2021, it accounts for about 18% of the world's human population. At about 30.3 million km 2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surface area. The size of Africa compared to the other continentsĪfrica is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both aspects.
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